In February 2019 a researcher from Switzerland published his review on gut microbiota and its role in bone health. He stated that gut microbiota is made up of trillions of cells, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Gut microbiota can vary according to age, sex, genetic background, immune status, geography, diet, prebiotics, probiotics, living conditions, diseases and drugs. A source of probiotics is fortified fermented dairy products, which in addition provide calcium, protein, phosphorus and various micronutrients. Gut microbiota appears to be a major player in the various factors which affect bone health. However, it remains to be demonstrated whether interventions changing gut microbiota composition and/or function is capable of reducing fracture risk.
Rizzoli R. Nutritional influence on bone: role of gut microbiota. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2019 Feb 1. [Epub ahead of print]