In July 2019 researchers from Greece and Australia published their review of the medical scientific literature to assess the association between vitamin D levels and cardiovascular disease prevention or progression, and whether there was any gender-specific differences. Results showed an unmistakable association between vitamin D deficiency and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. However, current findings are inconclusive as to whether there are any gender-specific differences and further research is required.
Kouvari M et al. Vitamin D status, gender and cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review of prospective epidemiological studies. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2019 Jul;17(7):545-555